A two-way current mirror with two BJTs and one diode that can mirror the more positive input side at its output.

both the Base and the Collector must be negative in respect to the Emitter. The relay load is connected to the PNP transistors Collector. The ON-OFF switching action of the transistor and coil occurs ...

Amidst the advances in CMOS and wide bandgap semiconductor technology, you can easily forget that the first transistor invented by William Shockley in 1949 was a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).

In this tutorial, we will show how, under certain conditions, a PNP transistor is equivalent to a single PN junction with a voltage-current characteristic appropriately shifted on the positive ...

This antenna helps amplify weak signals. Capacitor C1 is connected between the base of the BF494 transistor and the +Vcc supply. Capacitor C2 (10pF) is placed between the collector and emitter of the ...

Also, he uses Mouser’s transistor search which allows Vebo to be selected for, but I notice that this also brings up incorrect transistors because in some cases the Vebo box in the database has been ...

This measurement method is based on measurement of the base-collector voltage (VBC ... The traditional temperature-sensitive electrical parameter VBE(low) (i.e., the base-emitter voltage at a low ...