In the animal kingdom, life spans vary widely. While some species, like tortoises and whales, can live for decades or even ...

Mayfly nymphs are further categorized into clingers ... Caddis have a four-stage life cycle: eggs to larva to pupa to adult. Many caddis larvae produce protective cases of twigs and tiny stones.

It’s believed to have originated in Western Asia and Europe, but this isn’t confirmed. The larvae’s propensity to feed on tassels and kernels, as well as the ear shank, is what makes it so damaging.

Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China ...