For one-way frequency tables, PROC FREQ performs a chi-square goodness-of-fit test when you specify the CHISQ option ... Under this null hypothesis, the expected frequency for each class equals the ...

A statistical test that allows one to determine whether observed quantities of a specific characteristic differed from the expected value purely by chance.

computes a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for specified proportions ... and 3 percent black. The frequency table lists the variable values (hair color) in the order that they appear in the data set.

The chi-square value is calculated using the following formula: Using this formula, the difference between the observed and expected frequencies is calculated for each experimental outcome category.