The letters listed a range of tariffs. Goods entering the U.S. from Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, and Tunisia will be subject to a 25 percent levy. There will be a 30 percent levy on South African and Bosnian goods, while imports from Indonesia will be subject to a 32 percent rate.

Dozens of America’s trading partners are bracing themselves for August 1, the new deadline for punishing tariffs on goods they export to the United States.