In Madagascar, some geckos have been observed lapping up the honeydew produced by plant hoppers. This may be mutualism, with the gecko's presence keeping predators of planthoppers away, but scientists ...

Parasitism: Rafflesia, the world’s largest flower, takes water and nutrients from the host plant it grows on.

Mutualistic interactions are mutually beneficial species interactions. Plant-pollinator mutualisms are particularly important, and involve nearly 170,000 plant and 200,000 animal species.

For example, a well documented mutualism is the ant-plant interaction (reviewed in Heil & McKey 2003). Plants provide domatia and/or nectar for the ants and receive protection from insect ...

“We mostly think about plant signaling as targeting sight and smell, but here these plants are not so much giving a ‘shout out’ but a ‘shout back’ to the bats to come on over,” Rohan Clarke, an ...

Mutualism is a relationship in which both organisms ... And there are some species of bees that mainly pollinate certain plants, such as squash bees. Without bees, flowers and crops receive ...

The ant-aphid-relationship is a mutualism, a symbiosis that benefits both the ants, who drink the aphids' honeydew, and the aphids, who are protected from predators by the ants. Plants that had ...