For this to work, the antibodies produced must exactly fit the membrane molecules of the pathogen ... by periodically changing their surface antigens so that existing antibodies no longer ...

Antibodies and antitoxins are highly specific to the antigen or toxin that is made by the pathogen. That is why we say that the lymphocytes that produce them are specific.

The key thing to remember is that antibodies are specific to antigens. And remember, each pathogen has its own unique antigen on its surface, that ID card, so each antibody is unique. These ...

Antibodies can be effective defenders against both bacteria and viruses. An antibody must be made specifically for each pathogen. A specially designed, high-containment laboratory facility used for ...

A vaccine's ability to generate long-lasting, high-affinity antibodies hinges on a delicate balance. Upon exposure to a vaccine or pathogen ... their affinity for an antigen.

called antigens, on their surface. The Langerhans cells then travel to the lymph nodes and alert the immune system to trigger the immune response because a pathogen is in the body. Lymph nodes are ...

A vaccine's ability to generate long-lasting, high-affinity antibodies hinges on a delicate balance. Upon exposure to a vaccine or pathogen ... their affinity for an antigen.