If you’ve worked with germanium transistors, you’ll know that many of them have a disappointingly low maximum frequency of operation. This has more to do with some of the popular ones dating from the ...

In many op-amp applications, wide closed-loop bandwidth isn't as important as low phase shift. Yet in a typical case of an amplifier with a gain of −20, the conventional LM741 has about 0.6° of phase ...

The 1970s was a great time to be an electronics hobbyist, as a whole new world of analogue integrated circuits was coming down in price while new devices would appear to tempt the would-be constructor ...

One application I recently dealt with needed multiple phases of sine waves, all of equal amplitude. I considered 45°, 60°, and 90° differences, but decided 60° was the best solution. I scoured the ...

Positive feedback is used in oscillators to maintain running or oscillating. An oscillator is basically an amplifier which has a feedback path from the output back to the input. This allows a portion ...