will increase the inflationary effects of monetary disequilibria under a floating exchange rate system and will reduce the effect of a devaluation of a usually fixed exchange rate. When a real ...

Under fixed exchange rates, by contrast ... Internal devaluation, by contrast, mimics the effects of nominal exchange rate devaluation on the real exchange rate but through a decrease in the domestic ...

is pegged at a fixed exchange rate to the U.S. dollar. The following are some of the main factors that can affect various currencies' appreciation and depreciation relative to one another.

The unofficial exchange rate (commonly referred to as “blue ... to terms with reality and acknowledges there has been a devaluation due to the monetary expansion announced by the Government.

Thursday's 1.30% devaluation ... of high interest rates and spending restraint as uncertainty is believed to have reached Brazil to stay for a while. Hence, the exchange rate will remain a ...