The diagnostic criteria for DKA and HHS are shown in Table 1. The initial laboratory evaluation of patients include determination of plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, electrolytes ...

Symptoms of DKA include increased thirst and urination, rapid and deep breathing, fruity-smelling breath, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. HHS is a life-threatening complication ...

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common severe complication of diabetes, which develops when the body can't produce enough insulin.

In the present proposed protocol, we have used essentially the same insulin regimen for both DKA and HHS, but because of a greater level of mental obtundation in HHS, we have recommended only ...