A particularly low ratio may indicate that a business isn't taking ... the numerator of the standard formula: Long-term D/E ratio = Long-term debt ÷ Shareholder equity Short-term debt also ...

Using the debt-to-equity formula, the D/E ratio of Apple is calculated ... it doesn't necessarily indicate that it is an unattractive business to invest in. The risk might be higher than for ...

The traditional formula for the cost of equity is the dividend capitalization model and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The cost of equity is the return that a company requires for an ...